A History of the Eastern Larch Beetle, \u3ci\u3eDendroctonus Simplex\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in North America

The eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex, is reputedly a secondary pest but may attack and kill tamarack and ornamental larches throughout Canada, the northeastern United Stales, and Alaska. Isolated infestations of this pest have been reported for over 100 years. The first recorded widespread outbreaks of D. simplex started in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States as well as in Alaska in the mid-1970s. During the outbreak in the Atlantic provinces, in excess of 1.4 million m3 of tamarack was killed. No damage estimates are available for Quebec and the United States. Insect defoliators were the most common factors predisposing tamarack to beetle attack

Marine flora and fauna of the eastern United States Mollusca: Cephalopoda

The cephalopods found in neritic waters of the northeastern United States include myopsid and oegopsid squids, sepiolid squids, and octopods. A key with diagnostic illustrations is provided to aid in identification of the eleven species common in the neritic waters between Cape Hatteras and Nova Scotia; included also is information on two oceanic species that occur over the continental shelf in this area and that can be confused with similar-looking neritic species. Other sections comprise a glossary of taxonomic characters used for identification of these species, an annotated systematic checklist, and checklists of the 89 other oceanic species and 18 Carolinian and subtropical neritic species that might occur occasionally off the northeastern United States. (PDF file contains 30 pages.

Key to the terrestrial slugs (Gastropoda) of Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada

Three species of terrestrial slugs (Gastropoda) are native to Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada. At least twelve additional species have been accidentally introduced from Europe. Many of the introduced species are now widespread throughout the region; some are commonly found in natural forested habitats. Because of the complexity of the systematics of some of the introduced species, dissection of internal anatomical structures and DNA and other biochemical analyses may be required to distinguish cryptic species. Although this key to the terrestrial slugs of the Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada was developed in 1973, it remains the best tool in identifying the terrestrial slug species of the region. Because it was published in a relatively obscure journal that is not readily available, we are placing it on this web site where it can be readily accessed.published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe

Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States, Part 1 (1923). William T. M. Forbes. Los Angeles: Entomological Reprint Specialists, 1969. 729 pp. $17.50.

Excerpt: Entomological Reprint Specialists have done a fine service to the field of entomology and the study of Lepidoptera in particular by making the first volume of Forbes\u27 work on the Lepidoptera of the northeastern states generally available. This volume remains the only comprehensive work on the numerous families included in the primitive moths, Microlepidoptera, Pyraloidea, and Bombycoidea for a major portion of North America

Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States: Erect Bryozoa

Forty-nine species of erect Bryozoa from a broad range of Cyclostome, Ctenostome, and Cheilostome families are described and illustrated, and an artificial dichotomous key is provided for their identification. In general, the marine bryozoan faunas of the northeastern coasts of the United States are poorly known; species records are sparse and voucher collections few, and it is certain that many more species occur in this region than are presently known. The species described here occur in intertidal, coastal or offshore habitats; some are well known and have been recorded on numerous previous occasions, others have been only rarely reported, while a few are known to occur commonly in the north of the region but have yet to be recorded south of Cape Cod. Some of the species described have not been recorded at all on northeastern coasts of the United States, but are widely distributed in North Atlantic continental shelf habitats and perhaps occur in similar parts of the outer shelf of this region. This fauna is thus provisional, but is intended to stimulate further work on the Bryozoa. (PDF file contains 52 pages.

History of nutrient inputs to the northeastern United States, 1930–2000

Humans have dramatically altered nutrient cycles at local to global scales. We examined changes in anthropogenic nutrient inputs to the northeastern United States (NE) from 1930 to 2000. We created a comprehensive time series of anthropogenic N and P inputs to 437 counties in the NE at 5 year intervals. Inputs included atmospheric N deposition, biological N2 fixation, fertilizer, detergent P, livestock feed, and human food. Exports included exports of feed and food and volatilization of ammonia. N inputs to the NE increased throughout the study period, primarily due to increases in atmospheric deposition and fertilizer. P inputs increased until 1970 and then declined due to decreased fertilizer and detergent inputs. Livestock consistently consumed the majority of nutrient inputs over time and space. The area of crop agriculture declined during the study period but consumed more nutrients as fertilizer. We found that stoichiometry (N:P) of inputs and absolute amounts of N matched nutritional needs (livestock, humans, crops) when atmospheric components (N deposition, N2 fixation) were not included. Differences between N and P led to major changes in N:P stoichiometry over time, consistent with global trends. N:P decreased from 1930 to 1970 due to increased inputs of P, and increased from 1970 to 2000 due to increased N deposition and fertilizer and decreases in P fertilizer and detergent use. We found that nutrient use is a dynamic product of social, economic, political, and environmental interactions. Therefore, future nutrient management must take into account these factors to design successful and effective nutrient reduction measures

Trends in wintertime climate in the northeastern United States: 1965–2005

Humans experience climate variability and climate change primarily through changes in weather at local and regional scales. One of the most effective means to track these changes is through detailed analysis of meteorological data. In this work, monthly and seasonal trends in recent winter climate of the northeastern United States (NE-US) are documented. Snow cover and snowfall are important components of the region\u27s hydrological systems, ecosystems, infrastructure, travel safety, and winter tourism and recreation. Temperature, snowfall, and snow depth data were collected from the merged United States Historical Climate Network (USHCN) and National Climatic Data Center Cooperative Network (COOP) data set for the months of December through March, 1965–2005. Monthly and seasonal time series of snow-covered days (snow depth \u3e2.54 cm) are constructed from daily snow depth data. Spatial coherence analysis is used to address data quality issues with daily snowfall and snow depth data, and to remove stations with nonclimatic influences from the regional analysis. Monthly and seasonal trends in mean, minimum, and maximum temperature, total snowfall, and snow-covered days are evaluated over the period 1965–2005, a period during which global temperature records and regional indicators exhibit a shift to warmer climate conditions. NE-US regional winter mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures are all increasing at a rate ranging from 0.42° to 0.46°C/decade with the greatest warming in all three variables occurring in the coldest months of winter (January and February). The regional average reduction in number of snow-covered days in winter (−8.9 d/decade) is also greatest during the months of January and February. Further analysis with additional regional climate modeling is required to better investigate the causal link between the increases in temperature and reduction in snow cover during the coldest winter months of January and February. In addition, regionally averaged winter snowfall has decreased by about 4.6 cm/decade, with the greatest decreases in snowfall occurring in December and February. These results have important implications for the impacts of regional climate change on the northeastern United States hydrology, natural ecosystems, and economy

Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States Echinodermata: Crinoidea

The crinoid fauna of the continental margin (0-1500 m) of northeastern North America (Georgia to Canada) includes 14 species in 13 genera and 5 families. We introduce the external morphology and natural history of crinoids and include a glossary of terms, an illustrated key to local taxa, annotated systematic list, and an index. The fauna includes 2 species found no further south than New England and 8 that occur no further north than the Carolinas and Blake Plateau. Comactinia meridionalis (Agassiz) is the only species commonly found in shallow water «50 m). No taxa are endemic to the area. (PDF file contains 34 pages.

Alternatives for Regulatory Control of Acid Rain in the Northeastern United States

This Article will define regulatory options for curbing acid rain the northeastern United States. The first section will discuss those provisions of the Clean Air Act which address interstate air pollution. The second section examines the prominent proposals for amending the Clean Air Act to provide for acid rain regulation as enunciated by legislators, commentators and environmental organizations. The third section presents a two-pronged recommendation for broadening the Clean Air Act to prevent and control acid rain